Global Karst Correlation with Color Photos
(Explanations)
During the implementation of IGCP 299 "Geology, Climate, Hydrology and Karst Formation" (1990-1994), 8 field correlations in Turkey, China, Russia, USA, Australia, Canada, Iran, and UK were taken place. A lot of karst features developed under different geological, climatical, hydrological, hydrochemical, biological and anthropological background were examined and discussed.
48 photos of the most typical and interesting karst features visited are put here, to show some of the basic ideas resulted from IGCP299.
The photos are attached to the final report of the Project "Global Karst Correlation ", which is scheduled to be published in August ,1998 by the Science Press,Beijing. Following the 48 photos, the Table of Content of the book is also put here.
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Calcareous tufa cascades at Pamukale geothermal karst spring, Turkey, result of deep source CO2 outgassing. |
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A quarry on Quaternary calcareous tufa at Cisterna, south of Rome, Italy. This kind of tufa is the main source of building stone for Rome and Vatican. |
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Tall, steep subtropical tower karst, developed on hard compact Devonian limestone, Guilin, South China. |
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Low, rounded subtropical cockpit karst, developed on soft porous Tertiary carbonate rocks. Puerto Rico (courtesy of W.H.Monroe). |
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Low flat karstland at Yucatan Pleninsula, Mexico, result of gentle Cenozoic uplift, and porous carbonate rock. |
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Deep, sharp karren developed on Permian limestone under humid subtropical climate. Stone Forest, Lunan, Yunnan. |
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Tiny karren developed on Proterozoic carbonate rock and semi-arid temperate climate, Jixian, Tianjin, North China. |
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Ulupinar karst spring, near Kalkan, southwest Turkey, with low temperature and very few travertine deposit as a result of water recharged from high mountain. |
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Outlet of Dudenbasi Underground Stream, with many outside stalactite, Antalya, Turkey. |
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Limestone scree in Alvani Polje, Southwest Turkey. |
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Vegetation line on Taurus Mt., lower than 2000m a.s.l, photo taken from Aspendos, east of Antalya, Turkey. |
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Hierapolis aqueduct (200B.C), with calcareous tufa encrustation, Pamukale, Turkey. |
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