Climatic Environment

Karst Features

Semi-arid

Humid

Arctic and Alpine

Temperate

Tropical Subtropical

Surface Features

Macro form

Normal shape Mts.

Normal shape Mts.

Hill-doline, Stone knob-doline

Tower karst

Big form

Dry valley,

Dry valley shallow doline

Dish shape doline, Solutional basin,

Polygonal doline, Solutional basin, Stone forest

Micro form

Individual karren

Sharp Karren,

Sharp karren, Sub-soil round karren, Kamenitza

Sharp karren, Sub-soil round karren, Kamenitza

Depositional form

Limestone scree; Calccase; Caic-concretion

Limestone scree, Stream tufa,

Stream tufa little outside stalactite, sometimes limestone scree are available

Terra rosa, Abundant outside stalactite

Subsurface Features

Big form

Wind erosion rock Shelter and through cave. Scarcel any cave except those under snow Mts.

Large caves under snow Mts. or modern glacier

Large cave system, its feature depends on hydraulic conditions

Large cave system, with features depending on hydraulic conditions

Micro form

Scallop, pothole in caves under snow Mts.

Little scallops, potholes and notches

Potholes, scallops, notches, rock pendants are often seen

A lot of minor solutional forms

Depositional form

Small secondary carbonate deposit in caves under snow Mts.

Glacial varve, collapse deposit, little secondary chemical and cold biotic deposit.

Collapse and alluvial deposit are often seen, more secondary chemical deposit, and temperate biotic deposit

Abundant secondary chemical deposit, collapse, alluvial, tropical and subtropical biotic deposit.